Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Gerd Kaupp
University of Oldenburg, Germany
Keynote: The physical foundation of the exponent 3/2 on the depth h instead of Sneddon's 2 for conical or pyramidal indentations
Time : 10:00
Biography:
rnGerd Kaupp has completed his PhD from Wurzburg University and Post-doctoral studies from Iowa State, Lausanne and Freiburg University. He held a full-Professorship till 2005 in Oldenburg, Germany. He has published more than 300 papers in renowned journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of several scientific journals.rn
Abstract:
Unfortunately, most Berkovich indentation loading curves are still claimed to follow the Sneddon exponent of 2 on hand most finite element simulations try to support it, even though the experimental exponent 3/2 on h has been hundred folds secured with linear correlation coefficients r>0.999 or often >0.9999 of published loading curves dealing with all kinds of indentation techniques, materials and response mechanisms, since 2000. Authors continued believed in 2 and avoiding their exponent check. Even worse, nano and micro-mechanical parameters continued to be deduced based on the unsupported exponent 2 in a tutorial from NIS for biophysicists, leading to incorrect material properties. Conversely, applications of the correct loading exponent are highly versatile, much more reliable and precise than hardness and modulus. Penetration-resistance provides finer details, which are particularly important for biological/medicinal analysis and mappings of alloys and composites. Importantly, penetration resistance, indentation energy, phase transitions with their transition energy, activation energy and adhesion energy are accessible without iterations. The exponent 3/2 allocates 80% of the applied indentation work for the penetration and 20% for all additional processes. The appreciation of this wealth of unexpected applications presumably requires the physical reason for the new exponent which was still lacking. Fortunately, the deduction of the exponent 3/2 for conical and pyramidal indentations (against textbook claims) can now be given on an elementary basis. The elementary mathematical formalism will be presented. This is new physics that can no longer be denied. It helps avoiding dangerous failures in medicine and technique
Keynote Forum
Yutaka Ohno
Nagoya University, Japan
Keynote: Carbon nanotube flexible devices for wearable healthcare electronics
Time : 10:30
Biography:
Yutaka Ohno is a Professor and Vice-Director of Center of Integrated Research for Future Electronics, Nagoya University, Japan. He has received his PhD degree from Nagoya University in 2000. He became an Assistant Professor in 2000 and an Associate Professor in 2008 of Nagoya University. He was also Visiting Professor of Aalto University, Finland from 2012 to 2013 and Visiting Professor of Kyoto University in 2015. He has published 120 papers in major journals and gave more than 50 invited talks in international conferences.
Abstract:
Flexible, body-worn healthcare/medical devices have the potential to revolutionize preventive medical care and health promotion. Carbon nanotube thin films are promising electronic materials for transistors, biosensors and other passive components to build such flexible devices because of the excellent electronic and mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In the presentation, we introduce our recent works on flexible transistors and biosensors based on carbon nanotube thin films, including the wafer-scale fabrication and characterization of carbon nanotube thin-film transistors, the improvement of sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors based on redox cycling process, the development of thin film transistor-based biosensors with ultra-high sensitivity and wide dynamic range.
- Track 3: Nanomedicine
Track 4: Nanodevices & Nanosensors
Chair
William E Lee
Defence Research and Development, Canada
Co-Chair
Jerzy Leszek
Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
Session Introduction
William E Lee
National Institute for Nanotechnology
Canada
Title: Nanotechnology-enhanced biosensors for pathogen detection
Biography:
WIlliam E Lee currently working as a professor in National Institute for Nanotechnology and his research area includes Nanotechnology has tremendous potential to enhance the performance of biosensors. The chemical, electronic, and optical properties of nanomaterials generally depend on both their dimensions and their morphology.
Abstract:
Nanotechnology has tremendous potential to enhance the performance of biosensors. The chemical, electronic, and optical properties of nanomaterials generally depend on both their dimensions and their morphology. A major advantage of using nanomaterials in biosensing is the number of bioreceptor molecules immobilized on the detector surface can be as low as a single molecule. As a result the number of analyte molecules required to generate a measurable signal could be just a few, providing very low limits of detection. As a sensitive, non-destructive, and label-free detection method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has recently received considerable attention for the characterization of electrical properties in biological interfaces. We self-assembled gold nanoparticles on gold electrodes to yield multi-layered molecular structures for sensitive pathogen detection and in situ regeneration of the sensor electrode. The use of molecular self-assembly and gold nanoparticles plus EIS detection rendered a detection limit of 30 virus particles/ml for adenovirus 5 and 100 cells/ml for E-coli 0157:H7. The gold nanoparticle sensor surface could be self-assembled and regenerated on the electrode at least 30 times without losing analytical performance. We also fabricated metal oxide nanoporous-film electrodes, using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique, for highly sensitive detection of pathogens. GLAD utilizes oblique angle physical vapor deposition combined with precise substrate rotation to engineer nano-columns. The combination of nanotechnology and EIS is an attractive and powerful concept for future chemical and biological sensors research and integration in to lab-on-a-chip devices for field deployable sensors.
Jerzy Leszek
Wroclaw Medical University
Poland
Title: Nanotechnological applications for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Biography:
Dr Jerzy Leszek is full professor of psychiatry at the Medical University in Wroclaw, Poland , vice-director of the Psychiatry Department and head of Alzheimer’s Disease Laboratory. He is author and co-author more than 210 papers(especially from old age psychiatry), a lot of chapters to the books published in reputed Polish and international journals and serving as an editorial board member of several journals. He is Scientific Editor and co-author of first Polish academic handbook on Alzheimer’s disease and twenty another academic books from psychogeriatry poblished in Poland , European countries and in USA . He is member a lot of scientific associations eg. funder and president of Lower Silesian Association of Alzheimer’s Families, first of its kind in Poland and Former Member of Board of Directions of International Psychogeriatric Association(IPA). His Research area includes nanomaterial’s and nanotechnology in complex biochemical environment of the central nervous system.
Abstract:
Background: Dementia of Alzheimer’s type(AD) affects memory, thinking and behavior. Scientists believe that changes in the brain may begin 10-20 years before symptoms appear and AD is diagnosed. The need to diagnose and treat the devastating disease at an early stage is critical to manage and treat AD. Unfortunately, the lack of valided biomarkers limits the possibility of the earlier stages of Alzheimer’s disease. The advance of nanotechnology could offer huge opportunities in early-stage diagnosis and well-treatment of AD. Methods: This presentation discusses the challenges of current treatment and diagnosis of AD and the development on biocompatible nanoparticles, and provides the rational and potentials of using nanoparticles for both drug carrier and imaging contrast agent for diagnosis and treatment of AD. Results: Biocompatible nanoparticles with diameter in the range of 1-100 nm could be used as targetes delivery system for drugs (e.g Rivastigmine) to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and to minimize the side effects caused by over-dosage. In addition, biocompatible nanomaterials with enhanced optical and magnetic properties, may allow them being excellent alternative contrast agents for early-stage diagnosis. Limitations: The limit knowledge of biocompatibility of nanomaterials may inhibit the development of nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment for AD. Conclusion: With more studies on using nanomaterials and nanotechnology in complex biochemical environment of the central nervous system, it is most likely that nanomaterials and nanotechnology can be give significant impact on the early-stage diagnosis and treatment of AD. According to personal experiences, the author of this presentation discuss the application of new class of nanoparticles to the treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Thayaparan Paramanathan
Bridgewater State University, USA
Title: Determining the DNA binding properties of nano-scale ruthenium dumbbells using optical tweezers
Biography:
Dr. Thayaparan Paramanathan is a biophysicist with interests in applying physics techniques to explore biological systems at single molecule level. He received his PhD in physics from Northeastern University and did his postdoctoral work at Brandeis University with Prof. Jeff Gelles, who is considered one of the pioneers in single molecule imaging, and Prof. Jane Kondev, who is a world renowned biophysicist. His research interest in the field of biophysics is to use physics techniques to study biological systems at single molecule level.
Abstract:
Nanoscale small molecules are of interest due to their selective DNA binding properties, which make them potential candidates for chemotherapy. The ruthenium complexes we report are dumbbell shaped molecules with bulky side chains that look like nanoscale propellers. They must thread through the DNA base pairs to reach their final threaded intercalation state. Here we study the binuclear ruthenium complex, ΔΔ-[μ-bidppz (bpy) 4Ru2]4+ and compare it with the previously studied ΔΔ-[μ-bidppz (phen) 4Ru2]4+. Both have the same intercalating bridge unit, but different threading moieties. In this study, we use optical tweezers to trap a single DNA molecule and stretch it in the presence of the ligand at various concentrations. Since threading intercalation is relatively slow process, we hold the DNA at constant force until an equilibrium DNA elongation is reached. The extension of the DNA obtained as a function of time during binding yields the kinetics and equilibrium binding properties of the ligand. The preliminary data suggests that the binuclear complex with ‘bpy’ in the threading moiety shows stronger affinity and an order of magnitude faster on rate, compared to its counterpart with ‘phen’ in the threading moiety. This implies that the extra aromatic ring of ‘phen’ interferes with the threading intercalation process, and also that having bulkier side chain does not increase the affinity of these nano-dumbbells as commonly assumed.
Biography:
Hari S Sharma, Director of Int. Expt. CNS Injury & Repair (IECNSIR), Professor of Neurobiology (MRC), Docent in Neuro-anatomy (UU) is currently working in Uppsala University Hospital, Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Uppsala University, Sweden. He obtained his PhD in Neuroscience in 1982 from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India and Dr. Med Sci. from Uppsala University in 1999. He has published over 300 peer reviewed research articles (ISI database h-index 36) related to Neuro-protection and Neuro-regeneration in relation to the Blood-brain barrier in stress, trauma, and drugs of abuse in health and disease. His research on brain pathology and neuro-protection in different model is supported by Laerdal Foundation of Acute Medicine, Stavanger, Norway; role of nano-particles in neuro-degeneration and Neuro-protection for treatment strategies from European Aerospace Research & Development (EOARD), London, UK and US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Oh, USA; drug abuse research and neuro-protection from National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); National Institute of Health (NIH).
Abstract:
Nano-delivery of drugs induces better therapeutic effects in preventing neurological diseases and their effects are also prolonged than the parent compounds. Thus, the need of the hour to examine whether drugs tagged with different kinds of nanoparticles may have different effects following their nano-delivery in treating neurological diseases e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD is mainly characterized by deposition of amyloid b-peptide (ABP) in various brain regains leading to cell and tissue destruction. It is widely believed that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to serum constituents activates a series of abnormal reactions leading to immunological, biochemical and pathological changes culminating in AD. Thus, to reduce the BBB breakdown and induce neuro-regeneration or neuro-repair using several neuro-trophic factors in combination could alleviate AD symptoms. Our laboratory is engaged to find out whether cerebrolysin, a multimodal drug (Ever Neuro Pharma, Austria) comprising a well-balanced composition of several neuro-trophic factors and active peptide fragments could induce neuro-protection in animal models of AD. AD like symptoms were induced in rats by chronic infusion of amyloid b-peptide (ABP 1-40) intra-ventricularly (I.C.V) in the left cerebral ventricle (250ng/10 µl) once daily for 4 weeks. Cerebrolysin was delivered in identical fashion using two different modes of nano-delivery. Thus, TiO2 nano-wired delivery of cerebrolysin was compared with identical doses of poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nano-particles (PLG-NPs) loaded delivery. Our observations showed marked deposition of ABP and neuronal, glial and myelin pathology in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. BBB breakdown was evident by enhanced penetration of serum albumin as seen using immunohistochemistry in the identical brain areas showing neuronal loss, gliosis and myelin damage. Interestingly, TiO2 nano-wired delivery of cerebrolysin in a dose of 25µl infused daily 2 weeks after ABP infusion for 1 week remarkably reduced ABP deposition, and brain pathology. However, identical doses of PLG-NPs loaded cerebrolysin were much less effective after ABP infusion. Interestingly, 50 µl dose of PLG-NPs-Cerebrolsyin was sufficient enough to reduce AD pathology. These observations strongly suggest that TiO2 nano-wired delivery of cerebrolysin has superior effects over PLG-NPs loaded delivery in AD. This indicates that mode of nano-drug delivery of the same compounds is crucial in achieving desired results in neurological diseases.
Farid Akhtar
Luleå University of Technology
Sweden
Title: Structuring of nanoporous powders into hierarchically porous nanostructured adsorbents for decarbonization
Biography:
Farid Akhtar has completed his PhD at the age of 31 years from University of Science and Technology Beijing and postdoctoral studies from Stockholm University, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry. He is associate professor at Division of Materials Sciecne and Luleå University of Technology in Sweden. He has published more than 80 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hardmaterials.
Abstract:
Nanoporous materials such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks, activated carbons and aluminum phosphates are suitable for catalysis and gas separation applications. These high surface area materials are invariably produced in particulate form and need to be assembled into mechanically strong hierarchically porous macroscopic structures such as structured monoliths, honeycombs and laminates for industrially important catalysis and gas separation applications. Structuring of nanoporous powders enables an optimized structure with high mass transfer, low pressure drop, efficient heat management, and high mechanical and chemical stability. Important properties of the nanostructured adsorbents structures will be discussed with a focus on CO2 separation e.g. from power-plant flue gas. A versatile nanostructurization approach to process nanoporous powders into hierarchically porous monoliths with high CO2 capture capacity, CO2 over CH4 and CO2 over N2 selectivity, rapid uptake and release kinetics and high mechanical strength will be discussed. A figure of merit criterion will be defined to evaluate the performance of these structured adsorbents. Finally, the concepts of adsorption and diffusion, mass and heat transfer will be combined in a discussion of the optimal porous architecture and geometry of nanostructured adsorbents.
Biography:
Tsuyoshi Uchiyama has completed his PhD (Ph.D in Engineering) at the age of 27 years from Nagoya University. He now is an Associate professor of Intelligent Device, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Graduate School of Engineering.
Abstract:
Any living systems that are electrical excitable induce magnetic field. Numerous tissues and organs generating spontaneous electric activity are distributed over the body. Therefore magnetic sensors with sufficiently high sensitivity would provide a non-invasive detection of their activity, which is therefore thought to be useful in a wide range of biology and medicine. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with the sensitivity of a femto tesla (fT) level, has so far been employed to detect magnetic activity in the brain and heart of humans. However, technologies based on superconductivity require extremely low temperature condition. The SQUID sensor coils are mounted in a probe with circulating liquid helium in usual, so that SQUID sensor head is hardly semi-contacted to the small pieces of the living tissues at a body temperature for increase of the sensitivity for extremely small local magnetic field. We have developed the measurement system for biomagnetic field in small cell tissues using pico-Tesla (pT) sensitivity micro magnetic sensor owing to magneto-impedance (MI) element. The MI sensor is consisted of thin amorphous magnetic wire; thereby it is operated at a body temperature and is accessible very close to the small biological sample. We can measure bio-magnetic field in the small tissue by putting preparations on the sensor head, even across a thin cover plate for microscopy. In this study the measurement results for biomagnetic fields in cell tissues (such as guinea-pig taenia caeci, guinea-pig stomach, and mouse heart) will be reported.
Farid Menaa
Fluorotronics, Inc and Californian Innovation Corp
USA
Title: Graphene-based technologies for detection of biomarkers of disease: The future is here!
Biography:
Farid Menaa is an inter- and multi-disciplinary professional. Professor, Principal Investigator, Director, Consultant Editor, Reviewer, Event Organizer and Entrepreneur, He earned his degrees with highest distinctions from prestigious French universities and institutions. He followed a post-doctoral in Oncology as a NIH-fellow (San Diego, California, USA; 2004-2007). Subsequently, He pursed his career in Dermatology, and Stem Cells as a DFG-Fellow (Wuerzburg, Germany; 2007–2009). Then, He was promoted as Chief Scientific Officer and Vice-President R&D at Fluorotronics, Inc. (CA, USA; 2009-2010), a nanotechnology and fluorine chemical company. Eventually, He was appointed Principal Investigator in Hematology and Genomics as a FAPESP-Fellow (São Paulo, Brazil; 2010–2012). During his career, He also followed complementary formations (e.g. Medecine, Pharmacy, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Food Sciences and Technology, Marine Biology, Nano-Biotechnology, Bio-Computation, Bio-Statistics, Business Development and Management, Technological Innovation and Quality). Overall, He was involved in various R&D projects in multiple areas of medicine/nanomedicine, pharmacy/pharmacology, biology, stem cells/tissue engineering, genetics/genomics, fluorine chemistry/biochemistry, biophysics/biophotonics, food science, technology/nanotechnology, and business). His main current focuses are related to preventive, personalized, translational, integrative and nanomedicine, especially in the areas of oncology, regenerative medicine and gerontology, in order to prevent and implement early diagnosis and efficient therapy.
Abstract:
Graphene (G) and graphene-based derivatives (e.g. graphene oxide, hybrid nanocomposites) represent promising nanomaterials for the current and upcoming biosensor generations. Graphene and derivatives’ biosensing platforms can be used to monitor various molecules (e.g. proteins and its modifications, DNA and genomic alterations, glucose, ions, toxins) and cells (e.g. cancer cells, cancer stem cells). Interestingly, the qualitative and quantitative detection of proteinic biomarkers of diseases using graphene-based platforms (e.g. immunodiagnosis, bioimaging) is an emerging concept due to graphene’s unique intrinsic (i.e. physicochemical, structural) and tunable properties (i.e. surface functionalizations). Furthermore, it is possible now to manufacture reliable (i.e. in terms of sensitivity, stability, specificity, selectivity, rapidity) biophotonic sensing platforms, (e.g. Field Effect Transistors (FET), Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) or Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (CRET)). Eventually, G is eco-friendly and cost-effective in its use, contributing to its sustainable development for translational and personalized medicine. However, only a limited number of studies assessed the relative toxicity of G and derivatives in-vivo. My speech will focus and discuss graphene-based platforms for protein (e.g. thrombin, dopamine, CEA, EpCAM, PSA, BRCA1, phospho-p53, MMPs) detection, characterization and theranostic (i.e. disease diagnosis and therapy) applications.
- Track 5: Materials Science & Enginnering
Track 6: Nanoelectronics
Track 7: Nanotechnology in Energy Systems
Chair
Gerd Kaupp
University of Oldenburg, Germany
Co-Chair
Hiroaki Suzuki
University of Tsukuba, Japan
Session Introduction
Hiroaki Suzuki
University of Tsukuba
Japan
Title: Electrochemical autonomous microfluidic devices for analytical applications
Biography:
Hiroaki Suzuki received his B.E. and M.E. degrees in applied physics and his PhD in bioelectronics and biotechnology from the University of Tokyo, Japan, in 1981, 1983, and 1993, respectively. Since 2004, he has been a full-time professor at the Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba. His current research interests include microfluidics, photonics, plasmonics, and nanorobots.
Abstract:
Miniaturization of analytical devices has advanced remarkably over the last two decades. We have developed various microfluidic components to be used for this purpose. To realize smart user-friendly portable devices, microfluidics based on capillary action controlled by active valves is attractive. To realize simple active valves that facilitate integration, electrowetting is attractive. A simple hydrophobic valve can be created by forming a gold electrode in a flow channel structure made from hydrophilic glass and hydrophobic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). A solution that moves by capillary action stops at the valve. The valve is opened upon the application of a potential to the electrode to change its wettability. Alternatively, a platinum electrode with a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkane thiolate can be used as a valve. At an appropriate potential, the SAM is dissociated reductively, and the hydrophilic platinum surface is exposed. The electrochemical valves can be opened autonomously by wetting a zinc part formed in the other controlling flow channel and changing the mixed potential. Autonomous injection mechanisms or microfluidic display can be realized. Precise control of the timing for switching can be implemented by using an array of controlling flow channels. Furthermore, the autonomous mechanisms can also be used with other microfluidic components for programmed multiplexed processing of solutions in sophisticated analytical devices.
Adewale O. Adeloye
Botswana Institute for Technology
Botswana
Title: Turning photophysical and electrochemical properties of cationic iridium (III) complexes based on 4-methoxyphenylvinylquinolines for organic light emitting devices for lighting
Biography:
Adewale O. Adeloye has completed his PhD from University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa, and postdoctoral studies from University of South Africa, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, South Africa. He is a Senior Researcher in Natural Resources and Materials Department, Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation (BITRI), Gaborone, Botswana. He has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and serving as a reviewer of repute.
Abstract:
Four novel highly luminescent cationic homoleptic Ir(III) cyclometalated complexes of the type [Ir(NË„C)3]PF6 based on derivatives of 4-methoxyphenylvinylquinoline containing electron donating and withdrawing groups as aryl-substituent at 2-position of the quinoline scaffold were design, synthesized and characterized. While the ligands were initially prepared via palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of the 2-aryl-4-chloroquinoline, cyclometalation of Ir (III) complex was accomplished in one-pot reaction method. The compounds were characterized by employing various techniques such as FT-IR, 1H and 13C-NMR, UV-Vis, PL and cyclic voltammogram. In methanol, all complexes display strong spin-allowed 1MLCT (singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer) absorption bands between λabs 315 – 380 nm. The photoluminescence properties of the ligands measured in solvents of different polarity with excitation wavelength of λex 350 nm were colour-tuned by modification of wavelengths displaying a red-shift emission from λem 438 – 479 nm compared to λem 489 – 545 nm in the corresponding complexes. Enhanced fluorescence intensities and high quantum yield were observed in chloroform and methanol unlike in dimethylformamide (DMF). The cyclic voltammetry properties of the complexes relative to a ferrocenium/ferrocene redox couple showed a metal-centered to be redox-active in nature, which clearly support the introduction of electron-releasing groups raising the HOMO energy level in phosphorescence of iridium (III) complexes. It is suggested that the synthesized homoleptic iridium complexes may be efficiently used on the basis of enhanced PL intensities as emissive dopants in nano-sensing of biological molecules and/or suitable red-emitting materials for OLEDs applications.
Daejoong Kim
Sogang University
Rep. of Korea
Title: Energy harvesting device with nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis
Biography:
Dr. Daejoong Kim has completed his Ph.D at Stanford University in 2007. He then worked as a postdoctoral research associate at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign until he joined the faculty of Sogang University in 2008. He has published more than 40 papers in archived journals for the last ten years and served as a reviewer and sometimes as an editor for numerous reputed journals and conferences
Abstract:
Energy harvesting technology has recently gained attraction as it enables the utilization of diverse ambient energy sources. Clean and sustainable energy generation from ambient environments is important not only for large scale systems but also for tiny electrical devices, because of the limitations of batteries or external power sources. Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is such a technique that converts electrical energy from the concentration gradient between a concentrated solution (e.g., seawater) and a diluted solution (e.g., fresh water). We experimentally investigated a RED device using two types of nanofluidic pores: nanoporous polycarbonate track-etch membranes and self-assembled nanopore networks. Highly effective cation-selective nanochannel networks are realized between two microfluidic channels with geometrically controlled in situ self-assembled nanoparticles in a cost-effective and simple way. The nano-interstices between the assembled nanoparticles have a role as collective three-dimensional nanochannel networks and they allow higher ionic flux under concentration gradients without decreasing diffusion potential, compared to standard one-dimensional nanochannels. We performed the parametric study by varying the concentration differences, the pore size, and the electrolyte types. We characterized the RED performance in terms of maximum voltage, maximum current, and maximum power. This microfluidic power generation system can be readily integrated with existing lab on a chip systems in the near future and can also be utilized to investigate nanoscale electrokinetics.
R Lyle Hood
Houston Methodist Research Institute, USA
Title: Innovative Bio MEMS devices leveraging nano-fluidic control for drug delivery and cell transplantation
Biography:
Dr. Hood obtained his Bachelor’s Degree at University of Houston and his Masters and Ph.D. at Virginia Tech in 2013. His dissertation described the invention and development of a novel fiberoptic catheter design for treating brain and bladder cancers. He is currently a postdoctoral fellow at the HMRI working with silicon nanochannel technologies for therapeutic controlled release and cell transplantation. He has published over a dozen patents and peer-reviewed manuscripts relating to device design and drug delivery.
Abstract:
Nanofluidic controlled delivery devices have the potential for transformative impact across multiple critical medical fields due to their ability to provide sustained release over extended clinical timeframes and mimic endocrine glands by responding to biological stimuli. In this context, biocompatible materials can be engineered at the nanoscale to manipulate and tune functional interactions with molecules and fluids. We have invented two implantable platforms to leverage this capability: A silicon nano-channel membrane and a surface-modified polymer system for drug delivery and cell transplantation, respectively. The silicon membranes are fabricated through cutting-edge implementation of techniques optimized within the microelectronics industry to present dense and mono-dispersed arrays of nano-channels that tightly regulate diffusive transport. These membranes can be integrated within bioinert capsules for minimally-invasive, subcutaneous implantation and sustained release of drugs and biomolecules. The implants have been demonstrated to enable constant, zero-order release for more than 6 months while maintaining consistent serum concentrations within desired therapeutic windows. Further innovations include integration of active control systems to permit remote tuning/activation (telemedicine) and release synchronization with natural circadian rhythms (chronotherapy). Similarly, the polymeric cell transplantation system leverages the newest innovations in polymer chemistry to provide an immunoprotective environment for bioactive allografts. Primarily developed for pancreatic islet transplantation, the “Nano-gland” isolates cells from inflammation and rejection mechanisms while permitting glucose, insulin, nutrient, and waste exchange with the interstitial environment. The system has also been tested with insulin-producing islet like aggregates (ILIPAs) differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells. Composite devices utilizing both platforms have been developed to allow cell transplants to benefit from controlled release of immunosuppressives or factors for cell growth and vascularization. This lecture will focus on silicon and polymer Bio-MEMS technologies as applied to implantable drug delivery systems for the tunable and sustained release of therapeutics and immunoprotective transplantation of insulin-producing cells.
- Young Researchers Forum
Session Introduction
Abdurizzagh Khalf
Oklahoma State University Stillwater, USA
Title: Coaxial electro-spinning of PCL/GT hybrid fiber for encapsulation and controlled release of doxycycline
Biography:
Abdurizzagh Khalf has completed his Master’s degree in 2009 from Department of Chemical Engineering University of Stellenbosch- South Africa and he is currently a PhD candidate in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Oklahoma State University. He has published 4 papers in reputed journals. His research interests include nano-materials/nano-structure/nano-medicine.
Abstract:
Polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin (GT) are popular biodegradable electrospinable polymers. PCL is non-toxicity, biocompatible and biodegradable and has been studied to form many medical devices, or scaffolds for tissue regeneration of in vivo and in vitro cell culture using serum added media. Gelatin natural polymer has been widely studied and exposed to various biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Blending natural and synthetic polymers provides a new biomaterial with proper biocompatibility and improved mechanical, physical and chemical properties which is beneficial for cell adhesion and degradation rate. Doxycycline is an effective antibiotic, inhibitor of matrix degrading enzymes. It has been reported to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body, but serum half-life is very short. We evaluated the fabrication of PCL/GT electrospun fibers to provide controlled release of doxycycline antibiotic in a short and long term delivery. The fabricated scaffold loaded Dox will provide bacterial free environment for cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. PCL and gelatin were dissolved separately in tri-fluoro-ethanol (TFE). After complete dissolution, they were mixed together. Fibers fabricated from single, coaxial and tri-axial spinneret were compared and characterized for their, structural and morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dox released into the incubation medium over five days was determined using absorbance at 375 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed to characterize various components fabricated fibers. 24-h viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was also evaluated. Obtained results suggested that the fabricated hybrid PCL/GT loaded Doxy fiber mats because of their unique fabrication process, release characteristics, and antibacterial. Properties could be used as a potential scaffold for tissue regeneration.
Mohamed Attia
University of Strasbourg, France
Title: Nano-emulsions for targeted biomedical imaging
Biography:
Mohamed F Attia is a researcher in National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt. Currently, he is a PhD scholar in Strasbourg University, and is working in the discipline of Nanomedicine, particularly in targeted biomedical imaging, by synthesis and development new nano-emulsions through various techniques as promising candidates for targeting specific organs, tissues or cells, either for imaging and/or treatment.
Abstract:
In spite of the progresses of the imagers’ efficiency, notably X-ray and optical modality, their use and potentials are still dramatically limited by the low efficiency and toxicity of contrast agents. This study presents the development of new contrast agents overcoming these limitations, based on non-toxic nano-emulsions highly loaded in contrasting materials, intended to fluorescence tomography and/or computed tomography (CT) preclinical imaging. The success of the formulation of such contrast agents relies on several interdependent challenges: (i) Designing efficient and cost-effective contrast that are easy to synthesize and that can be loaded at high concentrations in nanoparticles. (ii) Developing formulations of the contrast agents without organic solvents and specific mechanical device. (iii) Adjusting the nanoparticle surface to allow high stability of the nanoparticles (at least several months), good bioavailability and efficient targeting. (iv) a long circulation in blood, the control of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, and the absence of toxicity. Contrast agents were formulated as lipid nano-emulsions that consisted in a lipid core, surrounded by a non-ionic PEGylated surfactant layer. Our preliminary results regarding the CT scan on mice showing the pharmacokinetics in blood, liver and spleen of nano-emulsions composed iodinated glyceryl monocaprilate. Comparing with iodinated vitamin E which has presented in our previous study, these two nano-emulsions only differ in the chemical nature of the core, however their pharmacokinetics is strongly different as one targets the liver, and the other the spleen.
M Shaat
New Mexico State University, USA
Title: Accurate modeling and analysis of mechanical nano-resonators
Biography:
M Shaat is a PhD student in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at New Mexico State University under the supervision of Prof. Abdessattar Abdelkefi. He earned his Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering from Zagazig University, Egypt. His main research interests are in the fields of mechanics of nanomaterials, mechanics of micro-/nano-solids, MEMS and NEMS, nanocomposites, and functionally grade materials. He has published more than sixteen papers in international journals, such as International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Microsystem Technology, and International Journal of Engineering Science. He has served as a reviewer in more than seven international journals.
Abstract:
Nowadays, mechanical nano-devices are widely used for biological, chemical, and physical applications. These devices are composed of mechanical nano-resonators with high sensitivities. The operating principle of a nano-device to detect a physical quantity is based up on an induced property change of the attached resonator as a response for the detected physical quantity. These devices should be integrated with accurate mathematical models to relate the induced property change with the physical quantity. The accuracy of the measurement is strictly related to the accuracy of the mathematical model to represent the mechanical behaviors of the resonator. To satisfy the size constraints, these mechanical resonators are made of nanomaterials. Therefore, the developed models for these resonators should account for the unique behaviors of nanomaterials. Furthermore, these developed models should account for the resonators’ size effects. In this presentation, a discussion on the accurate modeling of mechanical nano-resonators is presented. Different modeling schemes for mechanical resonators made of single crystalline materials, nanocrystalline materials, and CNTs are discussed. These modeling schemes will enhance the accuracy of nano-devices to detect the physical quantity. To accurately model single crystalline materials and CNTs-based resonators, a general nonlocal continuum theory is presented. This continuum theory has the merit to account for the nonlocal dispersions of the crystal structure accounting for the resonators’ size effect. For nanocrystalline materials-based resonators, a continuum model integrated with a size-dependent micromechanical model is proposed. The micromechanical model has the merit to account for the heterogeneity nature of the material structure and the grains’ size effects. This micromechanical model is integrated with an atomic lattice model to estimate the effective properties of the grain boundary. The continuum model is based up on one of the micro-field theories depending on the nature of the material structure.
Maje Alhaji Haruna
University of Leeds, England
Title: Nanoparticles Application for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Biography:
Maje Alhaji Haruna has completed his mastersin Chemical Engineering at the age of 24 years from the University of Leeds. He is about to start his PhD in December 2015, he is currently workingas graduate assistant in the school of Chemistry Federal University Dutse, Nigeria. Maje attended many science and engineering conference within and outside Nigeria. He has a wide research interest in the field of energy, hydrogen production and wastewater treatment. Current research focused on the nanoparticle application for enhanced oil recovery. He has published many papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
As many oil reservoirs go into their peak level of production, it is necessary to develop new technologies to keep production and increase the oil recovery rate. A number of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) are currently available, based on thermal, chemical and miscible flow approaches. One of the effective methods is polymer EOR where water-soluble polymers are used to increase the apparent viscosity of the displacing fluid in order to lower the mobility ratio. This maximises sweep efficiency of the oil recovery by creating less viscous fingering fluid. Their applications, however, are limited in high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoirs because of their inherent poor salt tolerance and weak thermal stability. This work reports the rheological and EOR effect of a new polymer agent, i.e., partially hydrolyzed polyacryamide (HPAM) seeded with silica nanoparticles. A series of HPAM/silica nanoparticle suspensions were prepared via solution mixing and the effects of nanoparticle content, polymer concentration, temperature and salinity on their rheological behavior were investigated using Anton PaarPhysica MCR301 Trugap rheometer. The rheological and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) properties of such hybrids were studied in comparison with HPAM under simulated high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoir conditions (T: 85°C; Salt: 8wt%). The rheological investigation showed that the HPAM and HPAM/silica suspensions displayed non-Newtonian behavior in almost the whole range of shear rate. It was found that the apparent viscosity of HAHPAM solutions increased with addition of silica nanoparticles, and HPAM/silica hybrids exhibit better shear resistance and long-term thermal stability than HPAM in synthetic brine.
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