Nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structure. Nano structure research involves Synthesis of Nanomaterials and properties, Nanostructures for thin films and coatings, Toxicity of nanostructures, Nanostructures for high performance materials, Nanostructure applications in petroleum industry, Synthesis of nanowires and nanorods. There are 27 top most universities all over the world which deals with nano structure. The global market for Nano films and coatings used in biomedical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications increased from $170.7 million in petroleum industry $204.6 million in Synthesis of nanowires and nanorods it reached $684.4 million by 2015, a compound annual research growth is increased to 27.3%.

Nano medicine is a large industry, nano medicine research involves Nanostructures for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, Nanomedical approaches for cancer diagnosis, Drug delivery systems & targeted imaging, Nanoinformatics, Chemotherapy via nano-particles, Immunotoxicity and immunogenicity of nanodrugs, Nanobiotechnology with nano medicine sales for cancer diagnosis reaching $6.8 billion in 2009, and with over 200 companies in Nano informatics and 38 products worldwide of Nano biotechnology a minimum of $3.8 billion in nanotechnology R&D is being invested every year. There are 470 universities conducting research on nano medicine around the world.

Nanodevices, the fastest moving segment of the overall market, the Nanotek research involves in Smart sensors and smart delivery systems, Magnetic Nanodevices, Nano-biosensors, Nano switches, Optical biosensors, and biologically inspired devices are anticipated to move at a tremendous 34% CAGR. Nano-biosensors for 78.8% the segment Nanoswitches & Optical biosensors are predicted to grow to $52.7 billion by 2019 and register a healthy 20.7% CAGR. Nanosensors will better detect the onset of diseases such as cancer or heart disease, and NanoMarkets expects the market for biomedical nanosensors to reach approximately $800 million in 2019. Around 18 universities and 53 new research projects are exhibited in Nanotechnology conference, Nanotek USA.

Materials science and engineering, is an interdisciplinary field which deals with the discovery and design of new materials. The research in material science involves in Transmission electron microscopy in modern materials science, Advancements of materials science, Mining and metallurgy, Energy materials there are 50 universities and a market to growth of 5.1% over the period 2014-2019. The Energy materials market was estimated to be $7,292.8 million in 2014 and is projected to growth of 7.8% from 2014 to 2019. Mining and metallurgy for a market share of 68.3% in 2014 and is expected to growth of 8.3% by 2019. 18 new research projects can be implemented by end of 2016.

Nanoelectronics flaunts of being the leading industry in bringing nanotechnology projects from research laboratories to commercial scale. The research involves in Nanoelectronic circuits and systems ,Assembly, packaging and safety concerns, Molecular electronics , NEMS and MEMS ,Medical diagnostics ,Robotics and mechatronics ,Dielectric materials The market for Molecular electronics incorporating nanotechnology is expected to reach $409.6 billion by 2015, with the commercialization of electronic displays using carbon nanotube backlights, NEMS based memory devices, and transmission using nanomaterials is underway. There are 42 universities, 33 new research projects are being implementing in robotics and medical diagnosis. There are 6584 industries around the world working on Nanoelectronic project.

Nantechnology in energy system science and engineering have been seeking to develop new and improved types of energy technologies that have the capability of improving life all over the world. In order to make the next leap forward from the current generation of geothermal technology, scientists and engineers have been developing energy applications of nanotechnology. BCC Research estimates the total energy-related market in Photovoltaic devices for Batteries and geothermal nanotechnologies and nanomaterials at nearly $8.8 billion in 2012 and $15 billion in 2017, a five-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.4% through 2017. There are 26 universities and 15 new researches is been going on Electrochemistry. The research involves in nuclear reactions and Fuel cells.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has conducted initial research on how nanoparticles interact with the body’s systems and how workers might be exposed to nano-sized particles in the manufacturing or industrial use of nanomaterials. NIOSH currently offers interim guidelines for working with nanomaterial’s consistent with the best scientific knowledge. Nanotechnology events are been conducted all over USA by most of the universities and associations on 29th of March. At The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory of NIOSH, studies investigating the filter penetration of nanoparticles on NIOSH-certified and EU marked respirators, as well as non-certified dust masks have been conducted. These studies found that the most penetrating particle size range was between 30 and 100 nanometers, and leak size was the largest factor in the number of nanoparticles found inside the respirators of the test dummies. The market research on health is the main issue.

Mass recent applications are likely to have great impact particularly in industry, medicine, new computing systems, Nano-optics, nanophotonics and nanoplasmonics and sustainability the development of carbon nanotube, Nanobubbles pre-impregnated materials which offer better conduction, overcoming one of the major challenges of conventional carbon fibre/epoxy composites improved armor materials to protect soldiers sensors for medical testing and nano workshops are conducted on Kevler and Aramid fiber composites. There are 75 new researchers going on in this field, annual amount of $15,000millions is spent for Nano-optics research in 2014-2015.

Applications of nanoelectronics are interested in band engineered Ge-SiGe core-shell nanowires and field-effect transistors, spin transport in germanium nanowires, and the electronic properties of graphene bilayers. In marine and defence it is used to reduce the noise and provide proper signalling and routes. In textile industry there is improvement in fibre or yarn. New researcher projects about 18 in electronics projects and 22 in textile are in process, an annual budget of $20,000 million is been funded to Nanotek companies . The applications involve in nanoelectronics, Renewable and sustainable energy, civil and mechanical engineering, marine & defence.

Biomedical engineering (BME) is the application of engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes. The research involves in biomedical imaging, drug delivery, biomedical instrumentation and devices .This field seeks to close the gap between engineering and medicine. About 186 universities around the globe are involved in Tissue engineering, clinical trials of nanoparticles, drug delivery, medical nanotechnology and biomedical instrumentation. About 54 industries in India are doing research in drug delivery and biomedical instrumentation, Annual amount of $8,000millions is been funded to this project. The Tissue Engineering application is the present research project in UK.

A nanoparticle is a microscopic particle with at least one dimension less than 100 nm.Nanoparticle research is currently an area of intense scientific research, due to a wide variety of potential applications in biomedical, optical, and electronic fields.Nanoparticles are of great scientific interest as they are effectively a bridge between bulk materials and atomic or molecular structures.